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The electric grid network is the backbone of modern electrical power systems, facilitating the generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity to consumers. It comprises interconnected power plants, transmission lines, substations, and distribution networks that work together to deliver electricity reliably and efficiently. The grid operates at various voltage levels, from high-voltage transmission lines that transport electricity over long distances to lower-voltage distribution lines that deliver power to homes and businesses. Grid operators continuously monitor and manage the flow of electricity to balance supply and demand, ensuring stable and reliable power delivery. With the integration of renewable energy sources and advancements in grid technologies, such as smart grids and energy storage systems, the electric grid network is evolving to meet the challenges of sustainability, resilience, and energy security in the 21st century. Understanding the complexities of the electric grid network is essential for optimizing its operation, improving its resilience, and transitioning towards a more sustainable energy future.