Department of Biological Sciences

https://www.univ-soukahras.dz/en/dept/bio

Lecturer	Radia DRAIAIA
Information	Bachelor - biochemistry Department of Biological Sciences Website : https://www.univ-soukahras.dz/en/module/2748 Semester : S5 Unit : UEF3.1.1 Credit : 6 Coefficient: 3
Content	Contents : 1. Functional compartmentalisation of the cell (overview) 2. Biomembranes a. Composition of membranes: isolation, composition. b. Biomolecular architecture of membranes. c. Membrane exchanges: passive transport, active transport, vesicular transport, etc. d. Cell adhesion and recognition proteins (receptor proteins, translocons, etc.) e. Expression of antigens, virulence markers and cell receptors f. Receptors, desensitisation and regulation of the cellular response 3. Cell structure-function relationship a. Biosynthesis of lipids, membrane proteins and secretory proteins b. The cytoskeleton: Response of the cytoskeleton to biochemical and mechanical stimuli and its role in focal adhesion (stress fibres). Examples of the involvement of the cytoskeleton in various cell signalling pathways. c. The fibre and muscle contraction: structure and function of actin and myosin micro-filaments. d. Mitochondria and the oxidative phosphorylation chain: structure, function, coupling sites, fractionnement of the oxido-phosphorylating system. a. Ribosome: protein synthesis, protein maturation and delivery. b. The ubiquitin/proteasome system: structure and function c. The lysosomal system: structure and function d. The nucleus and exchanges with the cytoskeleton 4. Glycosylation of macromolecules and its biological role : a. Glycoproteins: type of glycosylation bond (O- glycosylation and Nglycosylation) interest of glycosylation (protein stability, recognition...), molecular study of some glycoproteins (serum glycoproteins, blood group glycoproteins), glycoproteins of the various human glycoproteins (lectins, glycoproteins of cell membranes, GAGs, etc.). membranes, GAGs, etc.). b. Glycolipids: glycerolipids, glycosphingolipids (structure and function) 5. Signal transduction and regulation of cell function 5.1. Receptors and ligands: - Examples: adrenalin, insulin, PAF, growth factors, mitogens. 5.2. Transducers and coupling factors: Activation cycle of trimeric G proteins G proteins (e.g. Grb2/Sos adapters (SH2, SH3 domains), scaffold proteins. 5.3. Signal amplification via second messengers 5.3.1. Phospholipases C and D/DAG/IP3/Ca2+ cascade (ex-heart cell) 5.3.2. Phospholipase A2/ Eicosanoides cascade 5.3.3. cAMP/PKA/CREB cascade (e.g. liver cell, muscle cell) 5.3.4. NO/GMPc cascade (ex-neuron, endothelial cell) 5.4. Signal amplification via MAPkinase cascades : - Protein kinases (A, B/Akt, C, CAM, MAP) - Protein phosphatases (2A, calcineurin), tyrosine phosphatases, PTEN (e.g. cancer). 5.4.1. Tyrosine kinase receptors (e.g. insulin signalling) 5.4.2. PI3kinase, AKt/PKB (PH domains, PIP3) 5.4.3. MAPKinases / Transcription factors (e.g. cancer) 6. Signalling abnormalities and pathologies 6.1. Protein expression abnormalities and pathology (e.g. EGF-R, p21ras and oncogenesis) 6.2 Protein sorting abnormalities and hereditary pathologies (mitochondria, lysosomes, nucleus)
Evaluation	Assessment: Assessment of knowledge and weighting Assessment Weighting (%) Final exam 60 Tutorial 40 Practical work Total 100 Tutorial 100% : 40% Lectures. 50% Micro-interrogations. 10% Other.