Department of Agricultural Sciences

https://www.univ-soukahras.dz/en/dept/sa

Lecturer	Nadia ZGA
Information	- Agronomy Science Engineer Department of Agricultural Sciences Website : https://www.univ-soukahras.dz/en/module/4879 Semester : S2 Unit : UEF 1.2 Credit : 6 Coefficient: 3
Content	I. OXYDO-REDUCTION. II. HYDROGENE. - Hydrogen atom. - Natural state. Isotopes. - Chemical properties. - Hydrides. - Ion hydrides. - Covalent hydrides. - Hydrides insertions. - Preparation. Use. III. OXYGENE. - Oxygen atom. - Natural state. Isotopes. - Chemical properties. - Oxides. - Hydroxides. - Ozone. - Chemical properties. IV. WATER. - Chemical properties. - The different states. - Physical properties. - Hardness (permanent, temporary). - Hydrotimmetric securities. - Processing. - Pretreatment: screening, settling, flocculation, coagulation. - Processing. - Chemical treatment. - Ion exchange resin. - Biological treatment. - Mud bed. Activity mud. - Post-treatment - Disinfection. V. NITROGEN. - General. - Nitrogen preparation and fixation. - The atom and the molecule. - Bonds and degrees of oxidation. - Ammonia. - Chemical properties. - Nitrogen oxides. - Nitric acid. VI. SULFUR. - Sulphuric acid. VII. PHOSPHORUS.. - Phosphoric acid. - Phosphates. VIII. HALOGENES. - General information on halogens. - Chemical properties of halogens. - Chlorine. - Hydrochloric acid. IX. ALKALINE AND ALKALINE-EARTHY. - Metals. - Sodium. - Calcium. - Magnesium I. CONCEPT OF ORGANIC FUNCTION - NOMENCLATURE. - Notion of organic function. - Gross formula - Developed formula. - Carbon chains. - Concept of function. - Groups and radicals. - The main simple organic functions. - Saturated hydrocarbons or alkanes. - Ethylene unsaturated hydrocarbons or alkenes. - Acetylene unsaturated hydrocarbons or alkynes. - Benzene hydrocarbons. - Halogenated derivatives. - Alcohols. - Ethers. - Sulphur derivatives. - Amines. - Aldehydes and ketones. - Carboxylic acids. II. ORGANIC ANALYSIS. - Product purification - Immediate analysis. - Determination of the raw formula of the pure product – elementary analysis. - Characterization of the pure product by its main physical properties. - Determination of the molar mass of the pure body. - Functional analysis. - X-ray structural analysis. III. ISOMERIE - STEREOISOMERY. - Flat isomeria. - Stereoisomer - Restriction to free rotation. - Stereoisomer and free-rotation hindrance - cis- trans isomerism. - Optical isomeria – Asymmetric carbon. - Molecules with several asymmetric carbon atoms. IV. STRUCTURES AND REACTIVITY: ELECTRONIC EFFECTS. - Reminders on acid and basics. - The inductive effect. - Donor inductive effect. - Inductive acceptor effect. - The mesomeric effect - Mesomeric donor effect. - Attractive mesomeric effect. V. INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF CHEMICAL CINETICS.. - General. - Kinetics and competitive reactions. - Solvent effect on reaction rate. VI. THE REACTION MECHANISMS. - Nucleophilic substitutions. - Bimolecular nucleophilic substitutions (SN2). - The SN2 mechanism. - Factors influencing the speed of the SN2 reaction.. - Unimolecular nucleophilic substitutions (SN1). - The SN1 mechanism. - Factors influencing the speed of the SN1 reaction. - Elimination reactions. - Bimolecular elimination reaction (E2). - The E2 mechanism. - Orientation of bimolecular elimination. - Competition between substitution and elimination. - Electrophilic additions. - The addition of proton acids to the carbon-carbon double bonds. - The formation of dihalogenated derivatives by electrophilic addition. - Electrophilic addition reactions in organic synthesis. - Aromatic electrophilic substitutions. - The mechanism of aromatic electrophilic substitution. - Aromatic electrophilic substitutes in organic synthesis. - Radical reactions. - Radical substitutions for saturated carbon. - The radical addition. - Radical aromatic substitution. B. PRACTICAL WORK: - TP 1: Search for anions. - TP 2: Cations search. - TP 1: Synthesis of acetanilide. - TP 2: Steam drive. - TP 3: Functional analysis. C. DIRECTED WORK: - TD 1: Redox. - TD 2: Solubilities, solubility products, precipitation. - TD 1: Nomenclature - Isomeria. - TD 2: Stereochemistry. - TD 3: Reaction mechanisms
Evaluation	60 % Examen 20 % travaux pratiques 20 % tutorials